A Detailed Ecological Exploration of the Distribution Patterns of Wild Poaceae from the Jhelum District (Punjab), Pakistan

The purpose of this study was to investigate the taxonomic diversity, richness, and distribution patterns Poaceae in relation abiotic factors Jhelum district Pakistan Himalayas. We used a random sampling technique from 80 grids within 240 sites with rich diversity wild grasses 720 quadrates triplets each site across between 2019 2021 collect data on grass species associated environmental conditions. After evaluating important value index for plant taxa data, we analyzed using ordination cluster analysis techniques. Fifty-two twenty-nine genera were recorded area. From total 52 species, 45 native 7 invasive species. life form (biological) showed dominancy 27 therophyte followed by 24 hemicryptophyte 1 geophyte Microphyll had leading leaf size spectra (27 species), nanophyll (12 macrophyll (10 leptophyll (3 species). trend cycle maximum spp.) during monsoon season, spring (11 spp.), winter (8 summer (6 spp.). Setaria 9.61% Panicum, Cenchrus, Brachiaria 7.69% Aristida Echinochloa made up 5.76% while Chrysopogon, Digitaria, Eragrostis, Pennisetum, Poa 3.84% Other single dominated microphylls (50%) nanophylls (23.07%), macrophylls (19.23%), leptophylls (7.69%). On basis importance index, most dominant Cynodon dactylon (68), Dichanthium annulatum (58), ramose (38), Dactyloctenium aegyptium (37), Eleusine indica (35), Saccharum bengalense (33), Cenchrus biflorus (28). Two-way analyses classified into three community associations based indicator Soil parameters as subsamples tested moisture, pH, EC, OM, macronutrients (CaCO3, N, P, K), saturation revealed that they significant (p ? 0.002) effect vegetation associations. Overall, contributes better understanding influence composition development scientifically informed management solutions ecological restoration degraded habitats Himalayan region.